Apparatus for oiling roads.



mg'TagfsgalzgGm. PPLIOATION FILED AOUT. 12,1909. 1,033,038, PatentedJuly 16, 1912.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

MALL b* a APPARATUS Fon oILING ROADS. APPLIUATION FILED 00'1.12, 1909.1,033,038, Patented July 16, 1912.

coLUMmA ILANQGIMPH co.. WASHING-Nm. n. c.

. gzryggzlnaggaggs;T5231 1,033,088. Patented July 16, 1912.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

coLuMulA PLANOGRAPH co.. WASHINGTDN, D. c.

G. M. SAYBOLT.

APPARATUS FOR OILING ROADS.

APPLIoATIoN FILED 001.12, 1909.

1,033,038. Patented July 16, 1912.

7 SHETS-SHBET 5,

7 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

Patented July 16, 1912.

G. M. sAYBoLT.

APPARATUS FOR OILING ROADS.

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w n M No G MASSA www ,JM/M da@ G. M. SAYBOLT. APPARATUS POR OILINGROADS.

APPLIOATION FILED 00T.1z,19o9.

1,033,038. Patented July 16, 1912.

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iUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE IVI. SAYBOLT, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO STANDARDOIL COMPANY, OE NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

APPARATUS FOR OILING- ROADS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

PatentedJidy16,1912.

Application filed October 12, 1909. Serial No. 522,265.

To all 1li/omit may concern.'

Be it known that I, GEORGE M. SAYBoLT, a citizen of the United States,residing at .Iersey City, in the county of Hudson and State of NewJersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatusfor Oiling Roads, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in apparatus for applying oil toroads. The practice of oiling roadways for the purpose of settling thedust, preventing formation of floating dust thereafter and preservingthe roadway, has many well recognized advantages. At the same time,however, the prior practice has not been entirely satisfactory for t-hereason that in the ordinary methods the oil is applied to the road inthe form of rather coarse spray or jets, with the result that for sometime after such an application the oil stands in pools and puddles andthe top surface of the road is in a condition which may well be termedslushy, so that riding or driving upon such a road at that time isdestructive to vehicles and equipment, and disagreeable to persons usingthe road.

It is the object of my present invention to avoid these and other wellknown disadvantages and at the same time to attain a maximum ofeconomyin time, labor and expense in oiling roads.

With these general objects in view my invention consists in an apparatusfor oiling roads, which in its specific form embodies a self-propellingvehicle provided with means for forming an exceedingly fine mist of oilwhich may be directed downward against the road under a heavy directpressure, the pressure being produced by a pump arranged to be driven bythe same means which propels the vehicle. In addition, the apparatus maybe provided with means for leveling the road-bed or cleaning itpreparatory to applying the oil and with additional oil-applyingmechanism whereby, under special conditions, any desired portion of theroad-bed may be saturated or drenched with oil.

My invention will now be described in connection with the accompanyingdrawings and then more particularly pointed out in the claims.

tei.; l

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, partly inelevat-ion, of one form of apparatus embodying my invention; Fig. 2 is atransverse section, partly in elevation, looking from the front of theapparatus; Fig. 3 is a plan view with the top of the vehicle removed;Fig. 4 is a rear elevation showing the spraying devices; Fig. 5 is adetail sectional view showing the filling inlet; Fig. 6 is a similarview of the tank discharge outlet; Fig. 7 is a detail sectional viewthrough one of the spraying devices; Fig. 8 is a similar view of one ofthe jets the section being at right angles to that of Fig. 7; Fig. 9 isa detail sectional view, partly broken away, of the manifold; Fig. 10 isa side elevation illustrating an optional embodiment with auxiliary oiltender; Fig. 11 is a longitudinal section partly in elevation showingmore in detail the arrangement by which the tank is heated by theexhaust from the engine; Fig. 12 is a detail elevation showing the roadpreparing means; Fig. 13 is a detail elevation of one set of sprayingdevices; and Fig. 14 is a side elevaion of the complete apparatusillustrated in iig. 1.

Referring to the drawings, 1 is a tank having domes 2 and 3 providedwith heads l and 5 suitably secured in place, as by bolts, one head, 4;,being provided with a capped thimble 6 whereby upon removing the cap,the tank may be filled from a source of supply above the tank. Throughthe head 5 eX- tends the end of a suction pipe 7 which terminates in awell or depression at the bottom of the tank, this suction pipe 7lleading to the suction side of a power pump 8. In the suction pipe7islocated a valve 9, below which is a T to which is joined a branchconnection 10 having a cap 11 on its end and provided with a stop cockor valve 12, for a purpose hereinafter explained. The power pump 8 hasits discharge side connected by a pipe 13 to the dome et, whereby thepump may discharge into the tank. In this pipe 13 is located a valve 14,and below and above this valve are located Ts 15 and 16. The lower T 15is connected by piping indicated at 17 to a header pipe of the sprayingdevice, as more fully described hereinafter. The pipe 17 is providedwith a control valve 18 having a long valve stem extending withinconvenient reach of the operator and provided with a hand-wheel 19.rl`he pipe 17 is provided also with a 20 connected by a branch pipe Q1with one side of a regulator or relief valv the tension of whose springmay be adjusted by a rod extending within convenient reach of theoperator and provided with a handwheel The other side of the regulatorvalve is connected by piping A to the "l" 1G of the discharge pipe 13.rlhe pump'S, is provided with an air chamber 25, and from near thebottom of this air chamber leads a pipe 2G communicating with a pressuregage 27. r1`he pump is driven by means hereinafter described.

The pipe 17, as hereinbefore stated, is connected to a header 2Sarranged transversely at the rear of the apparatus, below which is aspraying mechanism connected. to and supplied from said header. This.spraying mechanism may comprise two distinct sets of apparatus, one setbeing arranged to send a spray directly downward onto the road andcomprising an important feature of my invention, the other set beingarranged to indirectly spray the road by discharging the liquid againsta screen from which it splashes onto the road-bed.

The spraying mechanism shown in the drawing is constructed as follows:Upon a manifold pipe, 2), having removable caps 30 upon its ends, arethreaded a plurality of thiinbles, two of which are crosses and theremainder Ts, the Ts being indicated at 31 and the crosses at 32. Thethimbles are soldered to the continuous manifold pipe 29, which is perfo'ated to register with the respective lateral branches of the Tis andcrosses. The upward branches of the two crosses 32 are connected todownward extending ends 33 of the header QS, as shown in Fig. 11 wherebythe liquid is supplied from the header to the manifold. Preferably thecrosses are located at about the center of each. half of the length ofthe manifold, in order to assure a uniform distribution of oil to thedischarge nozzles. The downward extending branch of each tliiinble 31connected to its respective discharge nozzle through a stop cock 34, thedischarge nozzles being of two types, arranged alternately, one type ofnozzle, as indicated at extending straight downward, whereas the othertype, indicated at 3G turns downward and forward so as to project itsjet against an apron orr srceen 37 arranged in front of the manifold.

The downward discharging nozzles are of a special construction whichforms an essential feature of my invention, one of these nozzles beingshown in Fig. 7 and being constructed as follows: Two tubes 3S and 3S)are connected intermediate their ends by branches l() and 41 providedwith a spigot and socket connection. The tube 38 I shall designate asthe trap-tube, as its lower end below the branch 4:0 serves as a trapfor sediment, while the tube 8S) I shall designate as the jet-tube. Intothe bottom of the traptube and extending a distance above the branch 40is inserted a cylindrical strainer 4t2 of gauze or perforated metal,whose lower end is secured to a cap 43, threaded onto and closing thelower end of the traptube. The upper end of the jet-tube is providedwith a similar downward-extending strainer 44k reaching below the branchL.t1 and provided with a cap 45 threaded on to the upper end of thejet-tube. 0n the lower end of the jet-tube 3E) is a nozzle-head ab,which is provided with two very line jet orifices inclining toward eachother and practically meeting' near thc center of the outer surface ofthe nozzle-head. These jetoritices are best shown in Fig. S beingindicated therein at 117.

The means fo-r driving the vehicle may be of any suitable type, but mostadvantageously comprises an internal combustion engine, as indicated atl-S, the hot exhaust gases from the engine being best led through pipe-lSl to heating coil 1182 in the bottoni of the tank. The engine drivesthe vehicle through controllable connections or gearing in the usualway, said connections including as shown a longitudinally disposedrotary shaft '-19 extending back from the motor (placed as shown at thefront of the vehicle) and a transverse rotary shaft et() transmittingmotion by sprocket chains 491 to the vehicle wheels. The shafts elet)and i90 would be connected by the gearing coinmonly employed betweensuch shafts in automobiles having them. From shaft 19 power may be takento drive the pump. 1n the present example the said shaft is providedwith a gear-wheel 50, arranged to mesh with a gear-wheel 51 slidablysplined to a counter-shaft 52, and arranged to be shifted into and outof engagement with the gear-wheel 50, by a forked rod 53 longitiidinallymovable in bearings, as shown and operated by a hand lever 5-1 which hasthe usual spring pawl and lever engaging a sector 55 whereby thegear-wheel 51 may be held in or out of engagement with the gearwheel 50.0n the counter-shaft is fixed a driving wheel 5G, in the presentinstance a chain-wheel, connected by a chain 57 with a chain wheel 5S ona shaft 59, mounted .in suitable bearings and provided with a gear wheelGO which engages a gear-wheel (31 on the pump shaft G2 which is providedwith a crank (53, connected by a. connecting rod (Set to the pumpcross-head (35 to which the pump-piston rod GG is connected.

rhe operation of the apparatus is as follows: The tank 1 is filled withoil by gravity from an elevated supply through the 11 is removed and theconnection 10 cou-4 pled to a suitable source of oil supply. The valve 9is closed and the valve 12 opened, and the engine being started, the oilis drawn by way of the pipe 10 past the valve 12 to the suction side ofthe pump 8 and through the pipe 13 is forced by the pump into the tankat the dome 2. The tank being charged and the valves 12 and 14 closed,the gears 50 and 51 are disconnected and the vehicle is moved by theengine to the place where it is desired to begin the treatment of theroadway. By the lever 54 the gears 51 and 50 are broughtinto mesh tostart the pumps. The oil is drawn from the tank by the pipe 7 to thesuction side of the pump 8; thence forced through the pipe 17 past thecontrol valve 1S-to the header 2S and the manifold 29, the cocks 34,through the strainers 42 in the trap tubes 3S, the branches 40 and 41,through the strainers 44 in the jet tubes 39, to the jets 47 whence itis thrown in a plurality of fan-shaped sprays of mist onto the road.

The height of the jet nozzles above the roadway, the angles of theirorifices and the distance apart of the said nozzles are so related thatthe edges of each fan-shaped spray strike the ground nearly inlongitudinal vert-ical planes respectively passing through the centersof the adjacent jet nozzles. The arrangement of the nozzles is suchhowever that the line of impact of each spray with the ground is at aslight angle to the transverse plane of the vehicle, that is, to thevertical plane through the nozzles; so that while the fan-sprays do-ublethe supply of oil to the road they do not strike each other directly.

The pump, being preferably of the double action type and equipped withthe air chamber 25, will maintain, at a given speed of the'engine, asubstantially uniform pressure of say 159 pounds at the jets, thepressure being readable on the gage 27. As the speed of the pump, itbeing geared directly to the engine, will vary with that of the engine,it becomes advisable or even necessary to provide means to maintain aconstant pressure at the discharge whatever the speed of the engine.This function is performed by the regulator or relief valve 22. Thisvalve is so set that, if the delivery of the pump exceeds a volumecorresponding to the chosen discharge pressure at the jets, the Valvewill open and permit the excess of o-il to flow through the by-pass 24to the T 16 and thence by the pipe 13 back int-o the tank. The tensionof the regulator valve 22 being under the direct control of theoperator, as stated, he may determine the pressure to be employed,regardless of the speed of the engine, the delivery of the pump beyondthat necessary to maintain such pressure being directed back into thetank. This arrangement is also particularly useful where unhomo-geneousliquid mixtures are applied to the road instead of homogeneous o-ilmixtures. For example, where emulsions of oily matter in water areemployed, there is a tendency on the part of the constituents of themixture to separate into layers, unless means are provided to preventthis, and consequently the character of the liquid drawn from the supplytank constantly varies. In the present arrangement this diiiiculty isreadily obviated. By adjusting the tension of the relief valve 22 sothat it will open at a pressure somewhatbelow that which is supplied bythe normal operation of the pump, some of the liquid drawn from thesupply tank will be returned through the pipe 13, thus producing acirculation through the supply tank which thoroughly mixes andhomogenizes the liquid.

Under 'so-me circumstances, instead of carrying a tank 1 and returningfrom time to time to a source of supply to recharge the same, it may befound desirable to eliminate the tank 1, thus reducing the weight of thespraying vehicle, and draw the supply of oil from a separate tendervehicle 67 drawn behind the sprayer and connected with the pipe 10. 1nthis case, as illustrated in Fig. l0, the by-pass 24 leads to a pipe 68discharging excess oil back into the tender. The operation in use isprecisely the same, but the separate tender plan has the advantage thatthese tenders may be stationed wherever needed along the scene ofoperations, and as one is emptied it may be uncoupled and anothercoupled on. The emptied tenders can then be taken one by one to a supplytank and refilled, without the temporary withdrawal of the sprayingvehicle from the field of action as would otherwise be necessary.

In connection with the vehicle, a leveler 69 may be employed to bringthe road surface to a level in advance of the spray, and, where the dustis too thick on the roadway to permit of its being allowed to remain inthat condition, it may be removed to one side in advance of theapplication of the oil to the road surface, Vby a suitable sweepingdevice, or gathered up by a pneumatic device, attached to the sprayingvehicle and driven by the same engine, leaving the surface of theroadway in prime condition for oiling. TWhen the surface is uneven, andthe leveler fills the low places with dirt and dust from the elevatedportions, it is advantageous to apply an extra amount of oil to saturatethe accumulated material. at that l place. Meeting such conditions, theoperator would direct a strong` iiow of oil through the nozzles 36against the apron or screen 37 which will saturate the road at thatparticular place.

Under normal conditions, the discharge pressure and consequently thevolume oit discharge through the spray nozzles being constant at allspeeds of the motor, the amount oli' oil sprayed on a given surface willvary with the speed at which the sprayer passes over the ground, Aandthe amount ot oil applied to the road can be regulated by increasing ordecreasing the speed of travel. sometimes, at low temperatures and usingthe exceedingly heavy oils best suited to certain road surfaces, theviscosity et the oil would prevent satisfactory results. lt will then beJfound advantageous to emjlt'rv the exhaust trom the engine to heat theil in the tank by means ot an exterior jacket er an interiorly disposedcoil as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 11. lWith such heavy viscous oils thetemperature required to give the necessary tluidity at the point otdischarge through the nozzles is relatively high, in many cases tarabove the boiling point of water. @wing to the high teniperature ot thegases exhaustedtrom a gas engine, this required degree of temperature isreadily obtained by passing the gases through a heating coil asdescribed above.

ll'lhile l have particularly designed my jet device 'tor oiling roads,it also has many a dvantages for other purposes where a mist or verytine liquid spray is required, particularly in cases where the liquidAto be sprayed contains impurities or suspended solids liable tointerfere with the proper operation ot an ordinary spray, and there-'fore l do not limitl this feature of the invention to the combinationwith the remaining' mechanism.

By means ot the plurality of tine nozzles, with independent means Aforcutting ott cach, and thi arrangement et these nozzles so that theirtan-shaped sprays will lap past each other without striking, it possibleby cutting otlI each alternate one oit the downward-directed nozzles toapply about halt the oil that would be applied with all ot the saidnozzles in action, and yet not to leave any gaps between the eil sprays.

lllhat 1 claim is l. Apparatus t'or treating roadways with oil underhigh pressure comprising, in combination, a vehicle having suitablerunning gear, a motor mounted on said vehicle, suitable drivingconnections between said motor and said running gear itor propellingsaid vehicle at any desired speed, spraying mechanism nuzunted on saidvehicle, an oil supplv tank, a pump arranged to be driven by said motorindependently ot the vehicle, suitable piping tor conducting` oil fromsaid supply tank to said pump and thence to said spraying mechanismunder pressure, and a relie't valve in said piping between said pump andsaid sprayingl mechanism whereby the oil pressure on :aid sprayingmecha- Anism may be maintained constant without regard to the speed atwhich the vehicle is driven..

2. The combination with a vehicle, and nozzles carried by said vehiclefor discharging liquid, ot a drivers seat mounted at the front ot' saidvehicle, a tank mounted on said vehicle back of said seat with a spaceintervening, a pump mounted on said vehicle in said space, pipingbetween said tank and said pump comprising pipes running transverse tothe vehicles length, similarly arranged piping between said nozzles andsaid pump, and valves in said transversely running pipes accessible toroperation at the front of the piping above the pump level, substantiallyas described.

3. rl'he combination with a. vehicle, and nozzles carried by saidvehicle tor discharging liquid, of a drivers seat mounted at the trentot said vehicle, a tank mounted on said vehicle back et said seat with aspace intervening, a pump arranged in said space, piping between saidtank and said pump comprising pipes running transverse to the vehiclessaid lengthl and including suction and discharge pipes, both ot' whichextend above the level of said seat and open into said tank, pipingbetween said nozzles and said pump comprising pipes running transverseto the vehicles said length, and valves in said transversely runningpipes accessible for operation at the liront ot said piping above thepump level, substantially as dcscribed.

The combination with a vehicle, and nozzles carried by said vehicle fordischarging liquid, a motor mounted at the front of said vehicle, adriverls seat mounted at the trent et said vehicle above the motorlevel, a driving shaft running back from said motor in the direction etthe vehicles length, vehicle propelling gearing, a tank mounted on saidvehicle back ot said drivers seat with a space intervening, a pumparranged in said space and having an operating shaft extending in thedirection of the vehicles length, gearing which interconnects saidshalts and includes a clutch, piping between said tank and said pumpwhich comprises pipes running transverse to the vehicles said length andwhich also includes suction and discharge pipes extending both of themabove the level ot said seat and opening both ot them into said tank,piping between said nozzles and said pump which comprises pipes runningtransverse to the vehicles length, and valves in said transverselyrunning pipes accessible tor operation at the front ot said piping abovethe pump level, substantially as described.

The combination with a tank-carrying vehicle, and nozzles carried bysaid vehicle tor discharging liquid, olf a supply tank, internalcombustion engine, and a pump, all

mounted on said vehicle, pumpbperating and vehicle-propelling gearingdriven by said engine, means whereby heat generated from the waste gasesin ruiming said engine is applied to heat the liquid to be dischargedfromsaid nozzles, piping for circulating liquid from the tank to thepump and back to the tank, and piping for conducting liquid from saidtank to said nozzles under pressure produced by said pump, substantiallyas described.-

(3. The combination with a tank-carrying vehicle, and nozzles carried bysaid vehicle for discharging liquid, o-f a supply tank, an

internal combustion engine, and a pump, alll mounted on said vehicle,pump-operating and vehicle-propelling gearing driven by said engine,means whereby the heat of the exhaust gases from said engine is appliedto heat the liquid to be discharged from said nozzles, piping forcirculating liquid from the tank to the pump and backto the tank, and.piping for conducting liquid from said tank to said nozzles underpressure produced by said pump, substantially as described.

7. The combination, with a vehicle, a motor arranged. to propel thesame, a pump carried by the vehicle and arranged to be driven by themotor, a spraying device mounted on the vehicle, and a tank arranged tomove wit-h the vehicle, of a branched suction pipe connected to thesuction side of the pump, Veach branch of the suction pipe having avalve, one of said branch suction pipes communicating with the tank, abranched discharge pipe connected to the discharge side of the pump, oneof said discharge branches being' in communication with the sprayingdevice and the other with the tank, a bypass connecting the twodischarge branches, an adjustable reliefvalve controlling said bypass, avalve in the branch discharge to the tank between its connections to thebypass and to its companion branch discharge pipe and a valve in thelatter branch discharge pipe between its connections with the by-passand the spraying device.

8. In a road sprinkling apparatus, the

`combination, with a vehicle, and a tank moving with the vehicle, of aspraying device carried by the vehicle and comprising a series ofnozzles arranged transversely of the vehicle, said nozzles beingarranged to produce fan-sprays, each nozzle being arranged so that theline of impact of its fan-spray with the surface being sprayed is at anangle to the vertical plane through the series of nozzles, and means forsupplying liquid under pressure from the tank to the spraying device.

9. In a road sprinkling apparatus, the combination, with a vehicle, anda tank moving with the vehicle, of a spraying device carried by thevehicle and comprising a series of nozzles arranged transversely of thevehicle, said nozzles being arranged to produce fan-sprays overlappingeach other,each nozzle being arranged so that the line of impact of thefan-spray with the surface being sprayed is at an angle to the verticalplane through the series of nozzles, and means for supplying liquidunder uniform pressure from the tank to the spraying device.

l0. In a road sprinkler, the combination,

with a vehicle, a motor for propelling the the same, a tank arranged totravel with said vehicle, and a pump carried by the vehicle and arrangedto be driven by the motor, of a sprinkling device comprising two seriesof nozzles, arranged transversely of the roadway, the nozzles of oneseries being arranged to produce overlapping fan-sprays, the nozzles ofone series alternating with the nozzles of the other series, pipeconnections between the tank, the pump and the spraying device, ,meansfor maintaining a uniform discharge, and means for independentlyshutting off the individual nozzles of both series.

ll. The combination with a vehicle, of nozzles carried by said vehicleand arranged to deliver overlapping but non-interfering fan-shaped jetsof liquid onto a roadway to give a deposit of liquid extendingcontinuously across a denite width thereof, and means for putting someof said nozzles out of operation to reduce the volume of liquiddelivered without thereby destroying the continuity of the liquiddeposit.

12. The combination with a vehicle, of nozzles carried by said vehicleand arranged to discharge onto the roadway fan-shaped jets spreadtransversely of the road and overlapped to the extent of half theirwidth, means for supplying liquid to said nozzles, and means for puttingalternate nozzles into and out of operation independently of orconcurrently with the others, as may be desired, so that when all thenozzles are in operation the liquid is more evenly distributed by reasonof t-he edges of the several jets being in line with the middle portionsof the adjacent jets in the direction of the road, and when alternatenozzles are put out of operation the remaining nozzles deliver a partonly of the former supply and yetdistribute it across the roadwaywithout vacant spaces, substantially as described.

13. The combination, with a vehicl'e, a pump mounted thereon, a tankarranged to travel with said vehicle, a coil at the bottom of the tankand discharging to the air, an internal combustion engine arranged topropel the pump, and having its exhaust connected to the coil in thetank, means for coupling the motor to and uncoupling it from the vehicle`to propel the same, a spraying device carried'by the vehicle andarranged to discharge to the road, a suction pipe connecting the hottomof the tank with the suctank to heatl the liquid While the vehicle istion side of the pump, a hlanched discharge stationary and the sprayershut off. l0 pipe connected to the discharge side of the In testimonywhereof, affix my signature pump, one branch leading to the spraying inthe presence of Witnesses.

5 device and the other leading to the top of GEORGE M. SAYBOLT.

the tank, and Valves in the respective Vtn'esseS: branches of' thedischarge pipe whereby the OTTO HANSEN, pump may circulate t-he liquidthrough the HENRY A. MOGEE.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

